Construction of pipes and the like



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. p o 1927 o. G. LUYTlEs coNsTRucu-Iou oF PIPEs AND THE LIKE Filed March 1, 1920 yam 5W /sx 251;@

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l LL' mtomae t 2 Patented sept. 2o, 19.27.v

UNITED STATES i 116435021 PATE-NT oFFicE.

OTTO G. LUYTIES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; BILD-A H.VBIDDEB .AND GU'S'IIEAJTv A. LANZKL .ADHINISTBATORS OF SAID OTTO G. IUYTIES, DECEASED.

ooNs'rnUo'rIoN or PIPES'AND 'rmt LIKE.

xppumion mea nai-n 1, mo. serial no. scanso.

of its contents. Another object is to provide a practical art whereby constructions of the above t pe may be readily and cheaply made. ther objects will be in part obvious and in part ointed out hereinafter;

The inventlon accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts, and in the several steps and relation and orderof -each of the same to one or more of the other steps, all as will be illustratively described and-the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. .l n

In the accompanying'drawin s in which is shown one of various possi le embodiinents of the mechanical features of this invention and a step of the above art,

Figure 1 is a cross section of a pipe; Figure 2 is av longitudinal section taken `along the-line 2,--2 of Figure 1 and Figure irillustrates a step of lthe above art.

Similar reference charactersrefer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.- l a Referring now to Figure 2 of these drawings, there is illustrated atlO a ri 'd pipe,

and it may here be noted .'that t e term pipe is broadly used' toA denote vessels of various forms to which this invention isapplicable.

, This pipe 10 has positioned therein a 11ning l11, the composition of which and the method of application of which will here# inafter be dealt with in detail. It may be noted, however, that. this linin or inner member is compressible and t at by the term compressible is meant a character'- istic by virtue of which the body so defined is adapted -to suer an actual and ap reciable reduction in total volumeupon l[icing pressibility is pre erably achieved either by I Y. incorporating closed vair or gas pockets in the body of a single material,l or by employ` ing a filler material with a binder; in which filler, for example cork, there -are comprised air pockets of such structure as willresult in compressibility as above defined.

This compressible material is preferably formed as' above set forth as a lining of sub-f stantially uniform cross-section which ma if desired be held in place by a separate a hesive coating as at 12.

The proportions or thickness of this liningA are such, havin due regard for its compressibility that it is repeatedly compressible to an extent which is as eat or greater than the expansion due to eezing of the contents of the pipe. In other words,

vif the pipe be for example of the usual cylindrical form, any given unit of length of the pipe with its lining will be capable of increasing its volume by compressibilit of the lining to an amount which is at last equal to the increase of -volume of water filling such unit of length upon freezing and without endwis'e displacement.

the material as a whole should be sufficientviscous or iiuid to the desired deee. v

easp althere is preferably mixed with tite a small amount of oil, preferably an oxidizing organic oil such as o' which may act as a softener. Also and if desired, a small percentageof a drier such as Prussian blue may be addedto improve the dryin property of the `resultant mixture. The ller is preferabl formed of ground cork, the ineness of w 'ch may be perhaps about that of ordinary. granulated sugar, al-

though good results may be obtained with a' coarser or finer cork. After the cork, the of the resultant materialis preferably sifted out and discarded, asit will be found to contain a large proportion of relatively incompressible material such as occurs throughout the body of the un ground cork.A

As is well tains in itself a large number of air cells known, the substance cork conno isolated one trom another, and the volume of which may be reduced on compression of the material. I also preferably use in the filler a small proportion of a fibrous substance such as asbestos which adds to the strength of the resistant material especially when it is used in thick coatings. These substances are thoroughly mixed, preferably under the influence ot heatand preferably to such an extent that each particle of cork, and asbestos if it be used, is coated with the binder.

The lining may be applied as follows. 1f desired, a thin coating of the clear binder is iirst applied to the inner surface of the rigid iron pipe l0. This however is not strictly necessary. Then the material comprising the binder and filler, mixed as above, 1s placed in a vat as shown at 13 in F1 re 3 of the drawings, and the vat heate as indicated by the burner 14. The pipe 10 is then inserted within a tight-fitting outer casing l5, the lower end of which ma be inturned to provide the shoulder 16. he entire pipe with its casing is then dipped witlb in the vat 13 until its inner surface is thoroughly coated, whereupon it is removed and withdrawn from the casing l5 which ma be repeatedly used for successive pipes. uring this operation the temperature of the pipe 10 is preferably considerably below that of the material into which it is dipped in order to cause the desired thickness t0 adhere. After the pipe 10 is removed, it may be heated to a slight degree and placed on a horizontal support and rolled, to give a more uniform dlsposition of its lining. .Also if desired, a mandrel coated with a substance to prevent adhesion, may be inserted to fit within the lining and smooth its inner surface. Neither of these latter steps appears however to be essential, and it is to e understood that many of the features oi this invention may be attained by introducing the material within the pipe in another manner, such as pouring it inside the same and subsequently rolling it in a substantially horizontal or slightly inclined position. It a secure adhesion of the lining to the inner surface of the pipe is desired, it is sometimes expedient to clean this inner surface before the pipe is treated.

It is also to be noted that the pipe with its lining is preferably' thoroufhly dr betore being put into use, .this drying eing hastened by the use of heat.

It is to be understood that although there has been herein described somewhat in de'` tail an illustrative embodiment of the mechanical features of this invention and an illustrative method of carrying on my art, nevertheless no single feature, either of embodiment or process, is to be considered as limiting other than as set forth in my claims, and the various individual features amenait or steps are ot independent value although possessing added advantage when combined with other features or steps. l claim as my invention 1. ln construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a pipe having therein a liningv which comprises a filler materialy susceptible to a substantial reduction in volume under the influence of pressure, and a binder by which said filler material is held in position, said filler material being commi nuted and intermingled with said binder.

2. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a pipe having therein acontinuous molded lining through which are closed and relatively isolated air or gas chambers.

3. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a pipe having extending along its interior a body comprising cork, a fibrous substance, and binding means.

4. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a pipe having extending along its interior a member comprising ground cork and a binding substance with which said cork is intermingled.

5. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a. pipe having extending along its interior a member comprising ground cork and a brous substance intermingled with a binding substance and capable of suicient reduction in volume un'- der pressure to accommodate the expansion of water filling said pi e upon freezing.

6. In construction o pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having a lining comprising ground cork, a fibrous substance and a binder with which said cork and fibrous substance are intermingled and by which they are held in position.

7. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having extendin along the same a member formed of a su stance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the influence of pressure ground and intermingled with an elastic binder.

8. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having extending along the same a member formed of a substance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the influence of pressure ground and intermingled with an elastic binder, said member being formed into a lining along the walls of the pipe.

9. In construction of pipes and the like,

in combination, a rigid pipe having therein` a lining comprising a substance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the inliuence of pressure ground and intermingled with an elastic binder.

l0. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having therein a lining comprising a substance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the influence of pressure round and intermin-` Whichincludes in its composition asphalt gled with a binder W 'ch includes asphalt in its composition.K

11. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having therein a lining comprising a substance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the influence of pressure ground and intermingled with a binder which includes in its composition asphalt and an oil.

12. In construction of pipes and the like, in combination, a rigid pipe having therein a lining comprising a ground substance susceptible to substantial reduction in volume under the inuence of pressure and a fibrous substance, both intermingled with a binder and an oil.

13. In construction for pipes and the like, l

a water pipe havin therein a lining of cork .of sufficient thic ess to be capable .for a. given unit of length of said pipe of a reduction in volume under pressure at least equal to the expansion of water filling such length of pipe upon freezing, andamaterial adhesive to said cork and insoluble in water securing said lining in lace.

In testimony whereo I have signed my name to this'speciication this 20th day of February, 1920.

OTTO G. LUYTIES. 

